{"id":303619,"date":"2024-08-21T19:53:04","date_gmt":"2024-08-21T19:53:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wahi.com\/ca\/en\/?post_type=glossary&#038;p=303619"},"modified":"2024-10-25T14:48:07","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T14:48:07","slug":"glossary-adverse-possession","status":"publish","type":"glossary","link":"https:\/\/wahi.com\/ca\/en\/glossary\/adverse-possession","title":{"rendered":"What is an Adverse Possession in Canada?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Top Section&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.18.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||3px|||&#8221; da_disable_devices=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; collapsed=&#8221;on&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; da_is_popup=&#8221;off&#8221; da_exit_intent=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_close=&#8221;on&#8221; da_alt_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_dark_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_not_modal=&#8221;on&#8221; 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text_line_height=&#8221;1.6em&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_2_line_height=&#8221;1.3em&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;1.25rem&#8221; header_3_line_height=&#8221;1.88rem&#8221; header_4_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_4_font_size=&#8221;1.25rem&#8221; header_4_line_height=&#8221;1.88rem&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;21px&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; header_2_font_size_tablet=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_2_font_size_phone=&#8221;25px&#8221; header_2_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A close look at what adverse possession is, key requirements, notable cases, and other important factors.<\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; da_disable_devices=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; da_is_popup=&#8221;off&#8221; da_exit_intent=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_close=&#8221;on&#8221; da_alt_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_dark_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_not_modal=&#8221;on&#8221; da_is_singular=&#8221;off&#8221; da_with_loader=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_shadow=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/wahi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Adverse-Possession.png&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; alt=&#8221;What is an Adverse Possession in Canada?&#8221; title_text=&#8221;What is an Adverse Possession in Canada?&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;21px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.6em&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_2_line_height=&#8221;1.3em&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;1.25rem&#8221; header_3_line_height=&#8221;1.88rem&#8221; header_4_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_4_font_size=&#8221;1.25rem&#8221; header_4_line_height=&#8221;1.88rem&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;21px&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; header_2_font_size_tablet=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_2_font_size_phone=&#8221;25px&#8221; header_2_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adverse possession, commonly identified as &#8220;squatter&#8217;s rights,&#8221; refers to a legal doctrine in Canada allowing an individual to claim ownership of land under specific conditions. This doctrine addresses instances where someone has occupied land for an extended period without the owner&#8217;s permission.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>Understanding Adverse Possession<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adverse possession is a method for someone without a legal title to a piece of land to eventually become its owner. This usually happens when the individual has occupied the land openly, continuously, and without the owner&#8217;s consent for a statutory period. The principle is grounded in the belief that land should be utilized and that owners who neglect their property for long durations should not be able to reclaim it to the detriment of someone who has put the land to productive use.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>Key Requirements for Adverse Possession<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To claim adverse possession successfully, several criteria must be met:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Continuous Possession<\/strong>: The claimant must demonstrate uninterrupted possession of the land for a specific period, usually 10 years in Ontario. This involves treating the property as their own without significant gaps in occupation.<br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Open<\/b> <b>and Notorious Possession<\/b>: The occupation must be evident to anyone, including the registered owner. The rightful owner must be able to notice the occupation and have the opportunity to take action if they choose.<br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Exclusive Possession:<\/strong> The claimant must not share control of the land with the public, the owner, or other unauthorized occupants. It must be clear that the claimant is exercising exclusive control over the property.<br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Hostile Possession:<\/strong> This implies that the claimant&#8217;s possession is without the owner&#8217;s consent. Possession must be against the rights of the true owner and without any form of permission, such as a lease or rental agreement.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>Legal Process and Burden of Proof<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Establishing a claim of adverse possession involves a specific legal process. The burden of proof rests with the claimant, who must provide substantial evidence to support their claim. Evidence may include witness testimony, photos and documentation, and surveys and expert testimony.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Witness Testimony:<\/strong> Individuals who can attest to the claimant&#8217;s long-term possession of the property.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Photographs and Documentation:<\/strong> Visual and written records showing the claimant&#8217;s use of the land over the claim period.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Surveys and Expert Testimony:<\/strong> Professional assessments and detailed surveys demonstrating exclusive possession and use.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>Notable Cases and Legal Precedents<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adverse possession cases often escalate to higher courts for resolution. In Kosicki v. Toronto (City), a <a href=\"https:\/\/wahi.com\/ca\/en\/real-estate\/on\/gta\/toronto\" title=\"Homes for Sale in Toronto | Wahi\">Toronto<\/a> homeowner fenced off a portion of city parkland for decades. This case questioned whether city parkland could be adversely possessed, noting that the Real Property Limitations Act makes exceptions for certain government lands.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In another case, Jamnisek v. The Estate of Gordan A. Wyant, the <a href=\"https:\/\/wahi.com\/ca\/en\/real-estate\/on\" title=\"Homes for Sale in Ontario | Wahi\">Ontario<\/a> Superior Court clarified requirements for establishing adverse possession. The court emphasized that possession requires being &#8220;open, notorious, constant, continuous, peaceful, and exclusive of the right of the true owner&#8221; for a 10-year period prior to the land being converted to the Land Titles system.<br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>Provincial Variations<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The requirements and statutory periods for adverse possession vary across Canadian provinces.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In <a href=\"https:\/\/wahi.com\/ca\/en\/real-estate\/ab\" title=\"Homes for Sale in Alberta | Wahi\">Alberta<\/a>, for example, the Limitation of Actions Act specifies conditions for adverse possession claims. The claimant must occupy the land for a specific period. Legal title is not obtained until a court judgment certifies the requirements have been met.<br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>Defending Against Adverse Possession<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Property owners can defend against adverse possession claims through regular inspections, establishing clear boundaries and using formal agreements.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Regular Inspections:<\/strong> Regularly inspecting the property to detect any unauthorized occupation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Clear Boundaries:<\/strong> Clearly marking property boundaries to prevent encroachment.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Formal Agreements:<\/strong> Using formal agreements to grant permission for use, thereby negating any claim of hostile possession.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>Recent Developments<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As of August 2024, The Supreme Court of Canada is set to hear an appeal involving a claim for adverse possession of a piece of parkland in Toronto. This case may influence courts&#8217; interpretation of the Real Property Limitations Act and the extent to which public lands can be adversely possessed.<\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]\n","protected":false},"featured_media":305031,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"1200"},"class_list":["post-303619","glossary","type-glossary","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wahi.com\/ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/303619","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wahi.com\/ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wahi.com\/ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/glossary"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wahi.com\/ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/305031"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wahi.com\/ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=303619"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}